3.98% is the change from 452 to 470
Calculation steps:
[( 470 - 452 ) ÷ 452] x 100 = 3.98%
Formula
Percentage change = [(470 - 452) / 452] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
470 - 452 = 18
18 ÷ 452 = 0.03982300884955752
0.03982300884955752 x 100 = 3.98%