5.52% is the change from 453 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 453 ) ÷ 453] x 100 = 5.52%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 453) / 453] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 453 = 25
25 ÷ 453 = 0.05518763796909492
0.05518763796909492 x 100 = 5.52%