-8.37% is the change from 454 to 416
Calculation steps:
[( 416 - 454 ) ÷ 454] x 100 = -8.37%
Formula
Percentage change = [(416 - 454) / 454] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
416 - 454 = -38
-38 ÷ 454 = -0.08370044052863436
-0.08370044052863436 x 100 = -8.37%