-1.32% is the change from 454 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 454 ) ÷ 454] x 100 = -1.32%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 454) / 454] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 454 = -6
-6 ÷ 454 = -0.013215859030837005
-0.013215859030837005 x 100 = -1.32%