-0.66% is the change from 454 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 454 ) ÷ 454] x 100 = -0.66%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 454) / 454] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 454 = -3
-3 ÷ 454 = -0.006607929515418502
-0.006607929515418502 x 100 = -0.66%