-31.8% is the change from 456 to 311
Calculation steps:
[( 311 - 456 ) ÷ 456] x 100 = -31.8%
Formula
Percentage change = [(311 - 456) / 456] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
311 - 456 = -145
-145 ÷ 456 = -0.31798245614035087
-0.31798245614035087 x 100 = -31.8%