-0.88% is the change from 456 to 452
Calculation steps:
[( 452 - 456 ) ÷ 456] x 100 = -0.88%
Formula
Percentage change = [(452 - 456) / 456] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
452 - 456 = -4
-4 ÷ 456 = -0.008771929824561403
-0.008771929824561403 x 100 = -0.88%