-3.94% is the change from 457 to 439
Calculation steps:
[( 439 - 457 ) ÷ 457] x 100 = -3.94%
Formula
Percentage change = [(439 - 457) / 457] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
439 - 457 = -18
-18 ÷ 457 = -0.03938730853391685
-0.03938730853391685 x 100 = -3.94%