-1.97% is the change from 457 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 457 ) ÷ 457] x 100 = -1.97%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 457) / 457] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 457 = -9
-9 ÷ 457 = -0.019693654266958426
-0.019693654266958426 x 100 = -1.97%