-2.4% is the change from 459 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 459 ) ÷ 459] x 100 = -2.4%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 459) / 459] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 459 = -11
-11 ÷ 459 = -0.023965141612200435
-0.023965141612200435 x 100 = -2.4%