-1.09% is the change from 459 to 454
Calculation steps:
[( 454 - 459 ) ÷ 459] x 100 = -1.09%
Formula
Percentage change = [(454 - 459) / 459] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
454 - 459 = -5
-5 ÷ 459 = -0.010893246187363835
-0.010893246187363835 x 100 = -1.09%