-4.88% is the change from 471 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 471 ) ÷ 471] x 100 = -4.88%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 471) / 471] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 471 = -23
-23 ÷ 471 = -0.04883227176220807
-0.04883227176220807 x 100 = -4.88%