-4.25% is the change from 471 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 471 ) ÷ 471] x 100 = -4.25%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 471) / 471] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 471 = -20
-20 ÷ 471 = -0.04246284501061571
-0.04246284501061571 x 100 = -4.25%