-3.4% is the change from 471 to 455
Calculation steps:
[( 455 - 471 ) ÷ 471] x 100 = -3.4%
Formula
Percentage change = [(455 - 471) / 471] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
455 - 471 = -16
-16 ÷ 471 = -0.03397027600849257
-0.03397027600849257 x 100 = -3.4%