-2.55% is the change from 471 to 459
Calculation steps:
[( 459 - 471 ) ÷ 471] x 100 = -2.55%
Formula
Percentage change = [(459 - 471) / 471] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
459 - 471 = -12
-12 ÷ 471 = -0.025477707006369428
-0.025477707006369428 x 100 = -2.55%