-8.69% is the change from 472 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 472 ) ÷ 472] x 100 = -8.69%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 472) / 472] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 472 = -41
-41 ÷ 472 = -0.08686440677966102
-0.08686440677966102 x 100 = -8.69%