-5.45% is the change from 477 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 477 ) ÷ 477] x 100 = -5.45%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 477) / 477] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 477 = -26
-26 ÷ 477 = -0.05450733752620545
-0.05450733752620545 x 100 = -5.45%