-51.67% is the change from 478 to 231
Calculation steps:
[( 231 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -51.67%
Formula
Percentage change = [(231 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
231 - 478 = -247
-247 ÷ 478 = -0.5167364016736402
-0.5167364016736402 x 100 = -51.67%