-93.51% is the change from 478 to 31
Calculation steps:
[( 31 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -93.51%
Formula
Percentage change = [(31 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
31 - 478 = -447
-447 ÷ 478 = -0.9351464435146444
-0.9351464435146444 x 100 = -93.51%