-16.11% is the change from 478 to 401
Calculation steps:
[( 401 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -16.11%
Formula
Percentage change = [(401 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
401 - 478 = -77
-77 ÷ 478 = -0.16108786610878661
-0.16108786610878661 x 100 = -16.11%