-15.9% is the change from 478 to 402
Calculation steps:
[( 402 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -15.9%
Formula
Percentage change = [(402 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
402 - 478 = -76
-76 ÷ 478 = -0.1589958158995816
-0.1589958158995816 x 100 = -15.9%