-8.79% is the change from 478 to 436
Calculation steps:
[( 436 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -8.79%
Formula
Percentage change = [(436 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
436 - 478 = -42
-42 ÷ 478 = -0.08786610878661087
-0.08786610878661087 x 100 = -8.79%