-6.9% is the change from 478 to 445
Calculation steps:
[( 445 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -6.9%
Formula
Percentage change = [(445 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
445 - 478 = -33
-33 ÷ 478 = -0.06903765690376569
-0.06903765690376569 x 100 = -6.9%