-6.49% is the change from 478 to 447
Calculation steps:
[( 447 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -6.49%
Formula
Percentage change = [(447 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
447 - 478 = -31
-31 ÷ 478 = -0.06485355648535565
-0.06485355648535565 x 100 = -6.49%