-5.44% is the change from 478 to 452
Calculation steps:
[( 452 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -5.44%
Formula
Percentage change = [(452 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
452 - 478 = -26
-26 ÷ 478 = -0.05439330543933055
-0.05439330543933055 x 100 = -5.44%