-3.56% is the change from 478 to 461
Calculation steps:
[( 461 - 478 ) ÷ 478] x 100 = -3.56%
Formula
Percentage change = [(461 - 478) / 478] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
461 - 478 = -17
-17 ÷ 478 = -0.03556485355648536
-0.03556485355648536 x 100 = -3.56%