-10.02% is the change from 479 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 479 ) ÷ 479] x 100 = -10.02%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 479) / 479] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 479 = -48
-48 ÷ 479 = -0.10020876826722339
-0.10020876826722339 x 100 = -10.02%