-2.65% is the change from 491 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 491 ) ÷ 491] x 100 = -2.65%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 491) / 491] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 491 = -13
-13 ÷ 491 = -0.026476578411405296
-0.026476578411405296 x 100 = -2.65%