-3.24% is the change from 494 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 494 ) ÷ 494] x 100 = -3.24%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 494) / 494] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 494 = -16
-16 ÷ 494 = -0.032388663967611336
-0.032388663967611336 x 100 = -3.24%