-3.43% is the change from 495 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 495 ) ÷ 495] x 100 = -3.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 495) / 495] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 495 = -17
-17 ÷ 495 = -0.03434343434343434
-0.03434343434343434 x 100 = -3.43%