-13.1% is the change from 496 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 496 ) ÷ 496] x 100 = -13.1%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 496) / 496] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 496 = -65
-65 ÷ 496 = -0.1310483870967742
-0.1310483870967742 x 100 = -13.1%