-3.82% is the change from 497 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 497 ) ÷ 497] x 100 = -3.82%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 497) / 497] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 497 = -19
-19 ÷ 497 = -0.03822937625754527
-0.03822937625754527 x 100 = -3.82%