-13.45% is the change from 498 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 498 ) ÷ 498] x 100 = -13.45%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 498) / 498] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 498 = -67
-67 ÷ 498 = -0.13453815261044177
-0.13453815261044177 x 100 = -13.45%