-4.59% is the change from 501 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 501 ) ÷ 501] x 100 = -4.59%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 501) / 501] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 501 = -23
-23 ÷ 501 = -0.04590818363273453
-0.04590818363273453 x 100 = -4.59%