-15.82% is the change from 512 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 512 ) ÷ 512] x 100 = -15.82%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 512) / 512] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 512 = -81
-81 ÷ 512 = -0.158203125
-0.158203125 x 100 = -15.82%