-11.33% is the change from 512 to 454
Calculation steps:
[( 454 - 512 ) ÷ 512] x 100 = -11.33%
Formula
Percentage change = [(454 - 512) / 512] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
454 - 512 = -58
-58 ÷ 512 = -0.11328125
-0.11328125 x 100 = -11.33%