-8.01% is the change from 512 to 471
Calculation steps:
[( 471 - 512 ) ÷ 512] x 100 = -8.01%
Formula
Percentage change = [(471 - 512) / 512] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
471 - 512 = -41
-41 ÷ 512 = -0.080078125
-0.080078125 x 100 = -8.01%