-12.43% is the change from 515 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 515 ) ÷ 515] x 100 = -12.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 515) / 515] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 515 = -64
-64 ÷ 515 = -0.12427184466019417
-0.12427184466019417 x 100 = -12.43%