-24.53% is the change from 53 to 40
Calculation steps:
[( 40 - 53 ) ÷ 53] x 100 = -24.53%
Formula
Percentage change = [(40 - 53) / 53] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
40 - 53 = -13
-13 ÷ 53 = -0.24528301886792453
-0.24528301886792453 x 100 = -24.53%