-15.99% is the change from 538 to 452
Calculation steps:
[( 452 - 538 ) ÷ 538] x 100 = -15.99%
Formula
Percentage change = [(452 - 538) / 538] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
452 - 538 = -86
-86 ÷ 538 = -0.15985130111524162
-0.15985130111524162 x 100 = -15.99%