-11.15% is the change from 538 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 538 ) ÷ 538] x 100 = -11.15%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 538) / 538] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 538 = -60
-60 ÷ 538 = -0.11152416356877323
-0.11152416356877323 x 100 = -11.15%