-11.81% is the change from 542 to 478
Calculation steps:
[( 478 - 542 ) ÷ 542] x 100 = -11.81%
Formula
Percentage change = [(478 - 542) / 542] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
478 - 542 = -64
-64 ÷ 542 = -0.11808118081180811
-0.11808118081180811 x 100 = -11.81%