-3.51% is the change from 542 to 523
Calculation steps:
[( 523 - 542 ) ÷ 542] x 100 = -3.51%
Formula
Percentage change = [(523 - 542) / 542] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
523 - 542 = -19
-19 ÷ 542 = -0.03505535055350553
-0.03505535055350553 x 100 = -3.51%