-23.43% is the change from 589 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 589 ) ÷ 589] x 100 = -23.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 589) / 589] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 589 = -138
-138 ÷ 589 = -0.23429541595925296
-0.23429541595925296 x 100 = -23.43%