4.78% is the change from 648 to 679
Calculation steps:
[( 679 - 648 ) ÷ 648] x 100 = 4.78%
Formula
Percentage change = [(679 - 648) / 648] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
679 - 648 = 31
31 ÷ 648 = 0.047839506172839504
0.047839506172839504 x 100 = 4.78%