-48.72% is the change from 78 to 40
Calculation steps:
[( 40 - 78 ) ÷ 78] x 100 = -48.72%
Formula
Percentage change = [(40 - 78) / 78] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
40 - 78 = -38
-38 ÷ 78 = -0.48717948717948717
-0.48717948717948717 x 100 = -48.72%