-42.31% is the change from 78 to 45
Calculation steps:
[( 45 - 78 ) ÷ 78] x 100 = -42.31%
Formula
Percentage change = [(45 - 78) / 78] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
45 - 78 = -33
-33 ÷ 78 = -0.4230769230769231
-0.4230769230769231 x 100 = -42.31%