3.85% is the change from 78 to 81
Calculation steps:
[( 81 - 78 ) ÷ 78] x 100 = 3.85%
Formula
Percentage change = [(81 - 78) / 78] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
81 - 78 = 3
3 ÷ 78 = 0.038461538461538464
0.038461538461538464 x 100 = 3.85%