-4.81% is the change from 978 to 931
Calculation steps:
[( 931 - 978 ) ÷ 978] x 100 = -4.81%
Formula
Percentage change = [(931 - 978) / 978] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
931 - 978 = -47
-47 ÷ 978 = -0.04805725971370143
-0.04805725971370143 x 100 = -4.81%