-1.81% is the change from 996 to 978
Calculation steps:
[( 978 - 996 ) ÷ 996] x 100 = -1.81%
Formula
Percentage change = [(978 - 996) / 996] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
978 - 996 = -18
-18 ÷ 996 = -0.018072289156626505
-0.018072289156626505 x 100 = -1.81%